Electrification of agricultural machinery: is it the only way out?

With rapid technological advances, agriculture is seeking new, more sustainable approaches, and the electrification of tractors and machinery is at the forefront of these changes. But is electrification really the only path to a more efficient and green future for agriculture? In fact, several alternative energy sources are also worth careful consideration. In today's article, we'll look at real-life examples to understand the benefits of electrification and when other options, such as biofuels or hydrogen, may be more suitable.

Electrification. It's such a popular phrase shaping the future of agricultural machinery that the lack of electricity seems to throw us off track. But is this really the only option? Are current technology and market trends a sign that traditional engines are about to disappear? What options do companies have that want to use zero or near-zero emission equipment?

Field Operations Objectives

The electrification of agriculture has brought about some changes. Today, compact machines can run efficiently on electricity, but full electrification is not a realistic option for large field machines. Even if we assume that the battery has better range and charging speed, large cars are unlikely to be able to switch completely to electric power. This leaves many farmers and contractors hesitant to invest in green energy technologies given the high costs.

Electricity is efficient, but not universal.

To better understand the role of electrification in agriculture, we need to understand the specific types of machines, the work they do, and the environment in which they operate. Over the years, manufacturers have successfully produced compact electric motors such as telescopic forklifts and power tools (traction and portable) that have been warmly received by the market. This success can be attributed to three factors: these technologies are fully proven, new models are gradually being introduced, and manufacturers are guiding customers to make informed and cost-effective decisions.

Reducing emissions through diversifying technological approaches

The transition to electricity in agricultural machinery and industry is critical to reducing emissions. However, this goal cannot be achieved with electric motors alone. Moreover, more effective results can be achieved through diversification of technological approaches, including the evolution and improvement of existing technologies. Many agricultural equipment manufacturers are already bringing various seemingly less advanced but well-proven technologies to the table for companies to use.

Telescopic forklift leads the trend

Agriculture and industry were early adopters of this approach, starting with telescopic forklifts, which are particularly suitable for electrifying machines. Many manufacturers have already introduced compact, dedicated electric models, not just combustion engine versions. In some applications, switching to electricity allows the use of simple lead-acid batteries with high recycling rates and minimal environmental impact. In other cases, the battery system can be replaced in five minutes, guaranteeing a longer runtime without charging delay. This design approach is inspired by the forklift industry.

Paid farm logistics

For compact tractors, especially those used in vineyards, orchards and urban or roadside landscaping, charging can be easily accessible even at regular work stations. But for larger cars, current technology cannot support the same convenient charging experience. Consider using 250 kW battery packs with a peak power of 150 kW and a continuous output of about 100 kW. Without a high-capacity charger on site that can be charged for several hours, it is difficult to maintain 4 - 5 hours of battery life (depending on usage). This type of setup also requires a strong electrical connection to support this level of demand.

Compact tractor: a significant electric solution

To better understand the current state of electrification, we can divide the market into two categories. The first includes compact farm equipment, where electrification makes sense, and the second includes large farm equipment, which, except in very special circumstances, is difficult to adapt to the needs of most businesses.

Electrification certainly has promise in the agricultural machinery market. Manufacturers, especially those that specialize in specific applications such as lifting and handling, are already working on alternative solutions, some of which are already in use. New operating scenarios are constantly emerging.

Electrification appears to be a major trend for agricultural machinery in the future, so those who don't use electric solutions may be left behind. But is this really the only way out? Do current technical and market conditions support the idea that traditional engines will soon be phased out entirely? What alternatives do companies have that want to use zero- or near-zero-emission vehicles?

What about hydrogen?

Currently, hydrogen engines are not particularly viable. Although some diesel engines can be converted to hydrogen, hydrogen production is energy intensive and inefficient. Additionally, hydrogenation poses operational challenges, and its current low performance reduces its viability as an alternative fuel—even for fuel cells, when hydrogen is used as a fuel, its operational efficiency can exceed 95%.

The way forward

A practical first step would be to replace older vehicles with new models approved for HVO fuel, which can reduce emissions by up to 90% compared to stage 5 diesel engines.

HVO is a renewable paraffinic fuel, also known as "synthetic diesel" and "renewable diesel". It is made from vegetable or animal oil obtained from residues from the meat and fishing industry. Unlike biodiesel, HVO does not use agricultural inputs or cause deforestation because it is derived from organic materials. It can be used anywhere diesel is used today, thereby reducing the overall amount of carbon dioxide. Depending on the raw materials used in HVO production, up to 90% emissions can be achieved. In addition, the sulfur content of HVO is extremely low compared to most traditional diesel fuels, and the use of HVO can reduce vehicle exhaust emissions. Synthetic diesel is widely used at petrol stations in Northern Europe and is becoming the next generation fuel. It is 100% fossil fuel free and 100% recyclable.

HVO fuel can be distributed, processed and stored in the same way as any traditional fuel. Whether pure engine or hybrid engine, it can be used in any Koller engine, be it a liquid-cooled engine from the KDI and KDW pipelines or an air-cooled engine from the KD pipelines. In addition, there is no need to change the maintenance plan; normal European warranty conditions apply.

Author: World Agricultural Equipment Network

Source: Agricultural Machinery News Network